Industrial metals and commodity portfolio.

Primary aluminium ingots are remelt products defined by aluminium grade and controlled elemental limits. Procurement should distinguish exchange or standards references from the producer's actual ingot chemistry, dimensions, bundle mass and brand eligibility.

Aluminium alloy ingots are selected by alloy designation and a complete chemistry window, not by aluminium content alone. The enquiry should state casting process, application, restricted elements, ingot size and whether recycled-content documentation is required.

Aluminium extrusion billets are cylindrical feedstock defined by alloy, diameter, length, homogenization condition and surface quality. Extrusion performance depends on verified chemistry and process evidence for the quoted billet source.

Aluminium scrap is procured by alloy family, physical form, cleanliness and recoverable-metal basis. Painted, coated, oily, mixed or attached materials require separate classification and may trigger waste-shipment and pre-treatment controls.

Lumpy chrome ore is evaluated by chromium oxide content, Cr/Fe ratio, gangue chemistry, moisture and calibrated size distribution. The delivered lot requires representative sampling and a clearly stated dry or as-received reporting basis.

Chrome concentrate is a beneficiated fine chromite product whose value depends on Cr2O3, Cr/Fe ratio, silica, phosphorus, sulphur, moisture and particle-size distribution. Agglomeration route and handling constraints should be stated before quotation.

Ferrochrome is specified by chromium and carbon class together with silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, size range and recovery expectations. High-, medium- and low-carbon grades are not interchangeable and must be linked to a producer analysis and lot identity.

Chromium metal is a high-purity alloying material supplied in forms such as flakes, pieces or briquettes. Buyers should define chromium basis, critical impurities, particle or piece size, packaging and the analytical method used for release.

Copper cathode enquiries are defined by the requested grade, impurity framework, physical form, producer evidence and lot-specific inspection documentation. Public references guide the review; the commercial specification is confirmed only with the quotation.

Copper wire rod is a continuous-cast and rolled feedstock for electrical drawing operations. Procurement review focuses on copper grade, diameter, surface condition, conductivity-related requirements, coil mass and producer test evidence.

Copper ingots and refinery shapes are remelt feed for foundry and alloy production. The quotation must identify the shape, copper basis, controlled residual elements, unit weight and the evidence linking each lot to its producer.

Copper concentrate is traded on a dry-mass and payable-metal basis, with penalties and logistics governed by the complete assay rather than copper content alone. Sampling, moisture determination, transportable moisture limit and independent inspection terms are central to the contract.

Copper scrap is purchased by defined scrap class, physical preparation and recoverable-metal basis. A useful enquiry separates bare copper, alloyed material, insulated cable and mixed residues and states contamination, radiation and waste-shipment controls.

Gold Good Delivery bars are wholesale-market bars whose acceptability depends on the current official refiner list, bar marks, fineness, weight and chain of custody. A generic bar shape or public standard never establishes that a quoted bar is Good Delivery.

Gold kilobars are compact investment or fabrication bars and are distinct from London Good Delivery bars. Refiner identity, exact weight, fineness, serialisation, assay evidence and market eligibility require direct verification.

Gold granules are a fabrication feedstock supplied by fineness, granule-size range, batch identity and assay evidence. Their visual appearance cannot establish purity, origin or responsible-sourcing status.

Gold doré is an unrefined precious-metal alloy whose gold, silver and base-metal content varies by batch. Settlement depends on representative sampling, independent assay, refinery terms, origin evidence and responsible-sourcing due diligence.

Hot rolled steel is supplied as coil, sheet or plate against a stated grade, dimensional range, surface condition and mechanical-property requirement. Standards references must be tied to the actual mill certificate, heat and ordered delivery condition.

Cold rolled steel provides controlled thickness, surface and forming characteristics for precision applications. The buyer should specify grade, temper, surface finish, dimensional tolerances, oiling and the required mill test evidence.

Hot-dip galvanized steel combines a defined steel substrate with a specified metallic coating system, coating mass and surface treatment. Grade, coating designation, spangle, passivation, oiling and dimensional tolerances must be ordered together.

Steel pipes and tubes are selected by manufacturing route, grade, section, outside dimensions, wall thickness, end finish and test category. Structural, pressure and mechanical tubes require different standards and evidence.

Structural steel sections and profiles are procured by section geometry, grade, length, dimensional tolerances and delivery condition. Design suitability remains with the engineer and must be supported by heat-specific mill certification.

Long steel products include reinforcing bar and wire rod forms that require distinct grades, diameters, rib or surface geometry and mechanical testing. The RFQ should separate construction rebar from drawing-quality rod and other long products.

Refined lead ingots are defined by lead grade, controlled impurities, producer identity and cast form. Exchange or standard references do not replace the lot COA, weight record and application-specific compliance review.

Secondary lead ingots originate from controlled recycling and must be specified by chemistry, refining route and traceability rather than assumed equivalent to primary refined lead. Battery and alloy applications require application-specific impurity review.

Lead alloys combine lead with elements such as antimony, calcium, tin or other controlled additions for a defined process. The required alloy designation, composition range, casting form and end-use restrictions must be stated in the RFQ.

Lead concentrate is valued on dry lead content and recoverable co-products, with deductions for moisture and deleterious elements. Sampling, transport classification and assay settlement procedures must be contractually defined.

Blast furnace coke is a structural and reactive carbon burden evaluated by size stability, fixed carbon, ash, sulphur, moisture and strength after reaction. CRI and CSR results are meaningful only with the stated test method and sampling basis.

Foundry coke is a large, strong coke grade intended to provide heat and carbon in cupola operation. Lump size, fixed carbon, ash, sulphur, reactivity and resistance to degradation must be matched to the foundry process.

Coke breeze is the fine fraction produced during coke screening and handling. Its particle distribution, fixed carbon, ash, sulphur and moisture determine suitability for sinter plants, agglomeration or other controlled uses.

Sized coke is screened to a buyer-defined particle band for a specific furnace or metallurgical process. The acceptable oversize, undersize, strength, ash, sulphur and moisture limits must be stated with the sampling method.

Silver Good Delivery bars are wholesale bars accepted only when refiner, marks, weight, fineness and current official-list status meet the relevant market rules. Public references do not authenticate an individual bar.

Silver kilobars are compact bars for investment, fabrication or regional trade and are separate from London Good Delivery formats. The quotation must identify refiner, fineness, serialisation, tolerances and assay documentation.

Silver granules are controlled feedstock for casting and fabrication, purchased by fineness, grain size, batch identity and assay documentation. Appearance alone is not evidence of purity or origin.

Silver doré is a partially refined precious-metal alloy with batch-dependent silver, gold and base-metal content. Commercial settlement requires witnessed sampling, independent assay, refinery acceptance and documented origin.

Granular sulphur is a free-flowing solid form selected for bulk handling, melting and downstream chemical conversion. Buyers should define purity basis, moisture, acidity, ash, granule size and the applicable transport classification.

Prilled sulphur consists of small, generally spherical particles produced for controlled flow and melting behaviour. Prill size, fines, moisture, purity and storage condition should be specified separately from granular material.

Lump sulphur is a broken solid form whose size distribution, fines generation, purity and handling behaviour differ from granules or prills. The receiving process must be able to manage the quoted lump range and breakage level.

Sulphur powder is a fine particulate product whose mesh distribution, additives, moisture and dust-explosion controls are application-critical. It must not be treated as interchangeable with bulk granular or lump sulphur.

Zinc ingots are traded by grade and impurity limits with a producer-specific casting and bundle format. The buyer should identify whether the application requires general refined zinc, high-grade zinc or a controlled alloying addition.

Special High Grade zinc is a refined-zinc class with stringent impurity control. Public grade references support comparison, while the quoted producer, registered-brand status where relevant and lot analysis must be verified independently.

Zinc alloys are specified by alloy family and tightly controlled aluminium, magnesium, copper and impurity ranges. Zamak, ZA and other die-casting alloys require distinct designations and cannot be treated as one generic grade.

Zinc concentrate contracts depend on zinc assay, moisture, payable-metal terms and penalties for associated elements. Representative sampling, dry-weight determination and an agreed assay-exchange procedure are essential.